Wednesday, November 30, 2011

America, the Beautiful.

          As America’s population continues to rise, due to the steady birth rate and longer life expectancy, cities and suburbs are steadily becoming areas of no vacancy.  As neighborhoods and schools fill up, the need for more space becomes apparent.  This is where the initial debate of land preservation begins.  On one hand, you have those that believe we must take all necessary actions to create more space for the people.  By doing this, you would be spreading out the cluttering population, while also creating many more jobs.  On the other hand, there are those who believe that this is ruining the beautiful, nature-based, America that the country was founded on.  Furthermore, you would see an increase in pollution and toxins in the air, two issues that, according to some people, are directly linked to global warming. 
            Ernest Hemingway, a well-known “man of the land”, in my opinion, would have been passionately in favor of preserving the lands of this country.  Not only did he reference nature on several occasions in his writings, but also he had a great interest in travel, visiting and working in several different countries throughout his lifetime.  He owned boats and cabins and thoroughly enjoyed spending his time with nature, as he believed all men should do.  Like several generations of his family tree, Ernest Hemingway suffered from clinical depression and other possible mental instabilities, and it is possible that his time with nature provided a brief relief from his growing fame, relationships problems, and money issues. 
            His literary collection contains many direct references to nature and the land.  As I referenced in my last blog post, one of his most popular pieces of writing, “The Snows of Kilimanjaro”, both of the main characters explain their love for nature and how they tie in to each character’s life, and for the man, eventual death.  Their love of the land is what sparked the idea to go on the trip to Africa.  While wounded on the mountain, the husband continuously responds to the scenery and animals that are around him, even comparing himself to some of the animals. 
            As most people know, Ernest Hemingway was a simple man with simple thoughts, even if some of his writing’s suggested otherwise.  He believed that a man should not linger on the issues that he has no control over, and instead, focus on taking care of the issues that he can control.  Perhaps these simplistic ideas are why he compared man to different animals and part of nature.  He wanted to show that we should respect the nature that surrounds us, instead of spending all of our time trying to better our lives and the lives of others by digging up the land for our own selfish purposes.  Hemingway was a both a genius in literary work and in life. 

Sunday, November 20, 2011

The Mind is a Funny Thing.

"Every man's life ends the same way. It is only the details of how he lived and how he died that distinguish one man from another."
-Ernest Hemingway

            Is it possible to be both a realist and an optimist, or must one choose?  Furthermore, if a person is at full capacity for understanding life and the troubles it accompanies, it is even possible to be optimistic?  In contrast, if one is optimistic, must that always mean that they do not have a firm understanding of reality?  These are the kinds of questions that may jumble your mind as you read this Ernest Hemingway masterpiece.  “The Snows of Kilimanjaro” has marked itself as one of the greatest short stories ever written. 
            The story is based around two main characters, Harry and his wife Helen.  While in Africa on safari, Harry scratches his leg.  What should have been a minor injury transforms into gangrene after he fails to properly clean the wound.  This is the first time that the reader is introduced to the contrasting personalities of the married couple.  Harry views life as a realist, expecting the worst in situations and never truly feeling happiness and content.  His wife, on the other hand, looks at the world with optimism and joy.  As his wounds begin to worsen, the couple’s outlook on life begins to clash.  “Helen attempts to reassure him by telling him that the plane for which they have sent will arrive at any moment, but Harry knows that it is too late. He does not fear death, but he is filled with a sense of unfulfilled ambition.” (Evans).  As we learned in our class lesson on Hemingway, he is a man who categorizes people into two different types: insiders and outsiders.  According to Hemingway, an insider is one who sees the world as toxic and full of despair.  These feelings are often triggered by events in one’s life, such as personal failures or the loss of someone close.  In this story, Harry would be titled as the insider.  Next, you have the outsider.  This is the person who looks at live like it is a blessing.  In modern society, we would say this is the type of person who sees the glass as “half full”.  The insider looks for the good in everyone and every situation.  Often times, these are the people who believe in God and other higher powers.  They see a purpose in every event.  In contrast, the insider often blames the universe on their problems. 
            As the story progresses, we learn more about the couple’s past and the two different worlds which they came from.  It is evident through the story that Helen truly loves and cares for her husband, however, his feelings for her are quite a bit more complex.  “We learn that Helen is the last of several women in his life; and that, though she loves him, he has never really loved her but married her for her money, whereupon he ceased to write and squandered his energies among the very rich, the people of his wife's set.” (Evans). 
            To conclude the events of the story, Harry continues to battle his physical illness whilst attempting to give himself some mental stability of the event that is sure to transpire; death.  He flips through a series of flashbacks in his mind, all while struggling with the current demons he faces.  His journey ultimately ends on the mountain, where is finally succumbs to his wounds. 
            I feel that not only does Hemingway do a great job in showing the reader the different types of people he viewed in real life, but he also offers a substantial amount of symbolism and irony in this story.  Harry is not only suffering from a physical setback, but a mental one as well.  He discusses that when he first met his wife he was out of capacity for love in his heart, and yet he still married her.  Harry, being the non-religious man that he was, may have not believed in life-after-death, but does he succeed in achieving death in his life? “Life without love is death-in-life: this is the real moral of the story.  When he lost his ability to love, he lost his curiosity about life as well as his capacity for it.” (Evans).  This story is filled with so much more emotion than just a man on a mountain.  It contemplates the views of religion, realism and doing what is right. 

SOURCES

Evans, Oliver. "'The Snows of Kilimanjaro': A Revaluation." PMLA: Publications of the Modern Language Association 76.4 (Dec. 1961): 601-607. Rpt. in Short Story Criticism. Ed. Lawrence J. Trudeau. Vol. 25. Detroit: Gale Research, 1997. Literature Resource Center. Web. 20 Nov. 2011.





Sunday, November 13, 2011

Insider or Outsider?

The strongest influence on literary modernism was the new psychology with its analysis of the operations of the unconscious and myth. Sigmund Freud explicated the id, ego, and superego; and Carl Jung identified "the collective unconscious." (Bruccoli). 


Ernest Hemingway with a shotgun

When you think of Modernism in the literary sense, it is almost certain that you will identify a strong concentration on the language during this era of literature.  Reality and knowledge were two of the most influential aspects of modernistic writing.  The way in which the language flowed across the page was just as important as the plot of the story.  Ernest Hemingway was not the originator of the Modernism movement, however, his unprecedented style of writing helped popularize the movement into what it is known as today.  Hemingway was known for obtaining a painful grasp on reality; this was quite clear in his stories.  Perhaps this was a result from his time spent overseas on the war front, or perhaps it was the result of a troubled childhood.  “He did however drive verbal terseness and austerity to its limit, setting an unsurpassable standard, while avoiding Stein's and Anderson's eccentricities. (St. James).  According to Hemingway, there were those who understood the universe and came to expect its hardships, and there were those who did not have a clear grasp of reality.  “Also notable in his early writing is a willingness to portray what his characters really felt rather than what they were supposed to feel. He did not care to write edifying stories: if his character felt empty and hollow after an event that was supposed to make a respectable man feel sad, the story gained power through its honest realism. (St. James).  For example, after reading Hemingway’s “The Snow’s of Kilimanjaro”, it is evident that Harry is considered the “insider” because of his harsh realization of himself and where he is in the universe, and Helen as the “outsider”, because of her optimism and affection.  Hemingway often wrote about the struggle between fantasy and reality, which is another crucial aspect of Modernism.  Ernest Hemingway was a believer in focusing on the things that only you can change and not worrying about the problems that were far bigger than you are.  Similarly, the ideas of Modernism were strikingly alike to Hemingway’s view of life.  

Sources
TEXT
"Ernest Hemingway." St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture. Ed. Sara Pendergast and Tom Pendergast. Detroit: St. James Press, 2000. Gale Biography In Context. Web. 13 Nov. 2011.

Bruccoli, MatThew J., and Arlyn Bruccoli. "Literary Modernism (1920s)." American Decades. Ed. Judith S. Baughman, et al. Detroit: Gale, 2003. Gale Biography In Context. Web. 13 Nov. 2011.


IMAGE



"Ernest Hemingway with a shotgun." Gale Biography in Context. Detroit: Gale, 2011.Gale Biography In Context. Web. 13 Nov. 2011.
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http://ezp.tccd.edu:2048/ic/bic1/ImagesDetailsPage/ImagesDetailsWindow?displayGroupName=Images&total=&currPage=1&query=&action=e&windowstate=normal&catId=GALE%7C00000000MQDT&view=docDisplay&documentId=GALE%7CPC4205129838&mode=view&userGroupName=txshracd2560&jsid=02487a60bc24eb1e4864320ef9730e47

 

Saturday, November 12, 2011

The Life and Times of Ernest Hemingway

         Writer. Poet. Traveler. Husband. Legend.


       Decorated as one of the greatest writers in American history, Ernest Hemingway led a life of great literary accomplishments, accompanied by many personal struggles, followed by a tragic self-demise.  Born in 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois, Hemingway was the son of Dr. Clarence Hemingway and Grace Hall Hemingway.  Despite having poor sight in his left eye, he still managed to attain a normal childhood, participating in swimming, football, boxing, and journalism.  “Although writing never came easily for him, he was apparently deeply interested it in at an early age.” (Concise Dictionary).  After graduating high school Hemingway attributed to the Kansas Star as a junior writer.  Hemingway was interested in joining the military to serve his country during World War I, but because of his eye impairment this was not feasible.  Instead, he opted to volunteer for the Red Cross ambulance corps in 1918.  While serving in Italy, he was severely wounded by machine gun fire.  After being treated for his wounds, he was acclaimed to be something of a war hero, and returned to his home in Illinois to recover.  “In the long months of convalescence with his family, he turned to writing short stories based on his experience.” (Concise Dictionary). 

Ernest Miller Hemingway

        
      As his writing career began to flourish, so did his attraction to the opposite sex.  Married four different times, Hemingway was no stranger to marital vows.  Soon after his first marriage to Hadley Richardson in 1921 he took a job at the Toronto Star working as a correspondent in Europe.  While in Europe, Hemingway was in the presence of many other well renowned American writers, such as James Joyce, Ezra Pound, Gertrude Stein and Ford Madox Ford.  Unfortunately, it is noted that these friendships were not long lasting.  “Hemingway’s resentment of the help he received found vent in insult – frequently in print; almost all of his literary friendships were eventually soured or destroyed.” (American Decades).  Often criticized for his writing styles and techniques, he was not conservative when it came to topics of literary discussion.  Hemingway was the author of several novels, short stories, and poems.  In Our Time  (1925), The Sun Also Rises (1926, and “The Snows of Kilimanjaro” were just a few of some of his most famous pieces of work.  Writing about everything from bullfighting to love stories in a time of war, Ernest Hemingway’s fame and rise to the top did not come without a price.  After three failed marriages, two plane crashes, and several years of battling depression, Ernest Hemingway committed suicide at his home in 1961.  


Sources


TEXT


"Ernest Hemingway." Concise Dictionary of American Literary Biography. Vol. 3. Detroit: Gale Research, 1989. Gale Biography In Context. Web. 12 Nov. 2011.


"Ernest Hemingway." American Decades. Ed. Judith S. Baughman, et al. Detroit: Gale, 1998. Gale Biography In Context. Web. 12 Nov. 2011.


IMAGE


"Ernest Miller Hemingway." Gale Biography in Context. Detroit: Gale, 2010. Gale Biography In Context. Web. 12 Nov. 2011.


Document URL
http://ezp.tccd.edu:2048/ic/bic1/ImagesDetailsPage/ImagesDetailsWindow?displayGroupName=Images&limiter=&total=4&currPage=2&query=&prodId=BIC1&action=e&windowstate=normal&catId=GALE%7C00000000MQDT&view=docDisplay&documentId=GALE%7CPC4295805865&mode=view&userGroupName=txshracd2560&jsid=1a90528a85a271a106294dc57f2eb4cf